Definition:
Simply put, Net Neutrality (known also as Network Neutrality or Open Internet) is the principle of ensuring that all network users and content should be treated equally. While certain concepts of Net Neutrality are complicated, for the most part the internet as it's known in the US is open - information flows freely regardless of the hardware device, software or internet provider being used.
The Issue:
In 2005 the FCC issued a statement listing four principles to ensure the
openness of the internet:
- Freedom to access (legally permitted) content In other words, if I'm on a Comcast connection and you're on AT&T we should each be able to access the same content, and be able to communicate with each other.
- Freedom to use (legally permitted) applications For example, Comcast can't make a deal with Microsoft stating that only users of Microsoft's browser can access content via Comcast internet connections, restricting access by Firefox and Safari users.
- Freedom to attach (legally permitted) personal devices e.g. if I want to design a dishwasher that I can control via the internet, I have the right to do so.
- Freedom to Competition That is, a provider can't deny users access to competition among providers of content and services.
With the exception of a couple of isolated incidents, the above policies have been adhered to in the US and we Americans have been enjoying the privileges of an open internet.
In September of 2009 the debate was revived when FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski proposed two new principles to add to the existing four:
- Nondiscrimination: If you and I subscribe to the same level of service with the same network provider we should be treated equally.
- Transparency: Users have a right to know what is offered in available service plans so they can make choices accordingly.
The FCC's full proposal which includes the original principles as well as the two new proposed principles is here (pdf).
Positions:
It's interesting to note that the folks on both sides of the issue argue that innovation is at risk if the other side gets their way. It's also worth noting that there is another faction that take the stance that Net Neutrality policy is a solution in search of a problem.
- Advocates believe that policy makers should be proactive in establishing policies to ensure the internet remains fair and competitive and continues to foster innovation.
- Opponents argue that Net Neutrality policies could threaten innovation and violates the First Amendment.
Current Status:
The FCC has been soliciting comment from the public on their proposed principles. If you feel strongly about the issue be sure to speak up. Opening comments were heard until January 14th, but you can submit replies until March 5 by going here.
More Information:
Since this is a hot issue at the moment there is endless information on the internet, but a few of my selections are:
- Wikipedia has a lot of information in their Net Neutrality page and they also have a page specifically for Net Neutrality in the US.
- Check out The Daily Show's Jon Stewart weighing in in on the issue.
- The FCC created the OpenInternet.gov site which has information on their proposed policies an Net Neutrality in general.
- FreePress.org, strong Net Neutrality advocates are behind the Save The Internet movement and web site.
- HandsOff.org used to have a web site detailing their opposition to Net Neutrality but the site seems to be gone now.
- In October of 2009 John McCain introduced legislation limiting the FCC's ability to establish Net Neutrality policy.